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Subiect: detector de Field strenge

  1. #31
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    (12.32)
    where σ is the conductivity of the medium. The current density is tangentially oriented. Now the problem reduces to the determination of the magnetic flux linking a circular loop in the medium due to a reciprocally energizing current in the coaxially situated magnetometer coil..
    • Fig. 12.14. Geometry for calculating the spatial sensitivity of a magnetometer in a cylindrically symmetric situation.

    The basic equation for calculating the vector potential at point P due to a current I flowing in a thin conductor is
    (12.33)
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  2. #32
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    The dashed lines in Figure 12.15 are the isosensitivity lines; these join the points where the lead field current density is 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 pA/m2, respectively, as indicated by the numbers in italics..
    • Fig. 12.15. The lead field current density distribution of a unipolar single-coil magnetometer with a 10 mm coil radius in a cylindrically symmetric volume conductor calculated from Equation 12.42. The dashed lines are the isosensitivity lines, joining the points where the lead field current density is 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 pA/m2, respectively, as indicated by the numbers in italics.

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  3. #33
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    The effect of the coil radius in a unipolar lead on the lead field current density is shown in Figure 12.17. In this figure, the lead field current density is illustrated for coils with 1 mm, 10 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm radii. The energizing current in the coils is normalized in relation to the coil area to obtain a constant dipole moment. The 10 mm radius coil is energized with a current of dI/dt = 1 [A/s].
    • Fig. 12.16. The isosensitivity lines for a unipolar single-coil magnetometer of Figure 12.15; the coil radius is 10 mm, and the volume conductor is cylindrically symmetric. The vertical axis indicates the distance h from the magnetometer and the horizontal axis the radial distance r from the symmetry axis. The symmetry axis, drawn with a thick dashed line, is the zero sensitivity line. Thin solid lines represent lead field current flow lines.


    • Fig. 12.17. Lead field current density for unipolar leads of coils with 1 mm, 10 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm radii. The energizing current in the coils is normalized in relation to the coil area to obtain a constant dipole moment.
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  4. #34
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    Figure 12.18 illustrates the lead field current density for unipolar leads realized with differential magnetometers (i.e., gradiometers). Lead field current density J is illustrated with various baselines as a function of radial distance r from the symmetry axis with the magnetometer distance h as a parameter. The differential magnetometers have a 10 mm coil radius and a 300 mm, 150 mm, 100 mm, and 50 mm baseline..
    • Fig. 12.18. Lead field current density for unipolar leads realized with differential magnetometers of 10 mm coil radius and with 300 mm, 150 mm, 100 mm, and 50 mm baseline.

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  5. #35
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    Figure 12.20 illustrates the lead field current density for the bipolar lead of Figure 12.19 with isosensitivity lines. This figure shows still more clearly than the previous one the compensating effect of the two coils in the vicinity of the symmetry plane, especially with short radial distances. The lead field current flows tangentially around the symmetry axis. The flow lines are represented in the figure with thin solid lines..
    • Fig. 12.19. The lead field current density distribution of a bipolar lead in a cylindrically symmetric volume conductor realized with two coaxial single-coil magnetometers with 10 mm coil radius. The distance between the coils is 340 mm. The dashed lines are the isosensitivity lines, joining the points where the lead field current density is 500 and 1000 pA/m2, respectively, as indicated with the numbers in italics.


    • Fig. 12.20. The isosensitivity lines for the bipolar lead of Figure 12.19. The coil radii are 10 mm and the distance between the coils is 340 mm. The vertical axis indicates the distance hfrom the first magnetometer and the horizontal axis the radial distance r from the symmetry axis. The symmetry axis, drawn with thick dashed line, is the zero sensitivity line. Lead field current flow lines encircle the symmetry axis and are illustrated with thin solid lines.

    REFERENCES

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    REFERENCES

    Abramowitz M, Stegun IA (eds.) (1964): Handbook of Mathematical Functions With Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, 1046 pp. Wiley, New York, N.Y.
    Baule GM, McFee R (1963): Detection of the magnetic field of the heart. Am. Heart J. 557) 95-6.
    Eskola H (1979): Properties of the unipositional lead system in the measurement of the vector magnetocardiogram. Tampere Univ. Tech., Tampere, Finland, pp. 72. (In Finnish) (Master's thesis)
    Eskola H (1983): On the properties of vector magnetocardiographic leads. Tampere Univ. Tech., Tampere, Finland, Thesis, pp. 154. (Dr. tech. thesis)
    Eskola HJ, Malmivuo JA (1983): Optimizing vector magnetocardiographic lead fields by using physical torso model. Il Nuovo Cim. 22) 356-67.
    Estola K-P, Malmivuo JA (1982): Air-Core induction coil magnetometer design. J. Phys. E.: Sci. Instrum. 15: 1110-3.
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    Malmivuo JA (1980): Distribution of MEG detector sensitivity: An application of reciprocity. Med. & Biol. Eng. & Comput. 183) 365-70.
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    Plonsey R (1972): Capability and limitations of electrocardiography and magnetocardiography. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-193) 239-44.
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    Plonsey R, Collin R (1961): Principles and Applications of Electromagnetic Fields, 554 pp. McGraw-Hill, New York.
    Rush S (1975): On the interdependence of magnetic and electric body surface recordings. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.BME-22: 157-67.
    Smythe WR (1968): Static and Dynamic Electricity, 3rd ed., 623 pp. McGraw-Hill, New York.
    Stratton JA (1941): Electromagnetic Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York.
    Williamson SJ, Romani G-L, Kaufman L, Modena I (eds.) (1983): Biomagnetism: An Interdisciplinary Approach. NATO ASI Series, Series A: Life Sciences, Vol. 66, 706 pp. Plenum Press, New York.
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  7. #37
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