1 Share Codex Argenteus,unul dintre cele mai valoroase din lume,a fost scris de un p

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Codex Argenteus,unul dintre cele mai valoroase din lume,a fost scris de un preot din Dacia

Codex Argenteus sau Biblia lui Wulfilla este cel mai valoros manuscris al Suediei și unul dintre cele mai valoroase din lume. Artefactul, vechi de 1.650 de ani, este extrem de valoros și pentru noi ,deoarece a fost scris de un preot din Dacia...



Ceea ce este de-a dreptul uimitor este faptul că acest manuscris folosește aceleași litere grecești, latine și getice care există și pe Tăblițele de la Sinaia în proporție de 90%, și rune gotice în proporție de 10% (după cum ne spune regizorul Leonardo Tonitza în filmul NIASCHARIAN – Să renaștem). Acest fapt este o dovadă clară a neapartenenței germanice a preotului Wulfila, al cărui nume era, probabil, Vulpilă.


Prof. dr. Lars Munkhammar, istoric la Universitatea din Upsala, unde se găsește manuscrisul: „Wulfilla s-a născut în 311 e.n. și a murit, probabil, în anul 381 e.n. iar la mijlocul secolului IV a tradus Biblia. S-a născut și a trăit în Dacia, în România de astăzi, și a devenit episcop al popoarelor gotice. La traducerea acestei Biblii a fost folosit un alfabet rămas din acea limbă. Wulfila a folosit la traducerea acestei Biblii o limbă veche despre care nu știm nimic. Menirea lui a fost să schimbe un popor războinic, într-unul pașnic. Acest alfabet a fost folosit în Suedia, nu știu pentru cât timp dar, în paralel cu alfabetul latin, a fost folosit ca scriere sacră mult timp după Wulfilla” (Interviu din filmul NIASCHARIAN – Să renaștem)


Inițial, Biblia lui Wulfilla a avut 336 de pagini în care erau cuprinse cele patru Evanghelii. Astăzi, la Upsala, mai există 187 de pagini. Documentul a fost scris pe un pergament subțire violaceu cu cerneală cu praf de argint și aur, de unde și numele de Codex Argenteus. El a fost descoperit în secolul al XVI-lea în mănăstirea benedictină din Werden, Germania.

Aventura acestui manuscris a fost una pe măsura valorii lui, după cum ne spune Ziarul Lumina: „Până în 1600, a trecut prin mâinile împăratului Rudolph al II-lea, după care a ajuns la Praga. În 1648, după ce suedezii au ocupat Praga, au luat Biblia ca pradă de război şi au dus-o la Stockholm, fiind depusă în biblioteca reginei Christina. După abdicarea reginei, a fost luată de bibliotecarul Isaac Vossius şi dusă în Olanda. În 1669, însă, a fost cumpărată de Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie, cancelarul Universităţii din Uppsala, care a readus-o în Suedia, unde se află şi în prezent.”


Puteți afla mult mai multe lucruri despre Wulfilla și acest manuscris urmărind filmul documentar de excepție NIASCHARIAN – Să renaștem. Video mai jos:










SURSA: http://romania-misterioasa.blogspot....l?spref=fb&m=1

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http://www.wulfila.be/gothic/browse/

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Wulfila - Vulpila???
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https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.p...tem_type=topic
https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.p...topic&reload=1

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O sa traduc asta..

Ulfilas (c. 311–383),[1] also known as Ulphilas and Orphila, all Latinized forms of the Gothic Wulfila, literally "Little Wolf",[2] was a Goth of Cappadocian Greek descent who served as a bishop and missionary, translated the Bible, and participated in the Arian controversy. He developed the Gothic alphabet in order to translate the Bible, sans Kings due to the war narratives he feared would entice the Goths, into the Gothic language.[3]

Biography
Ulfilas' parents were of non-Gothic Cappadocian Greek origin[4] [5] but had been enslaved by Goths, and Ulfilas may have been born into captivity or made captive when young.[6] Philostorgius, to whom we are indebted for much important information about Ulfilas, was a Cappadocian. He knew that the ancestors of Ulfilas had also come from Cappadocia, a region with which the Gothic community had always maintained close ties. Ulfilas's parents were captured by plundering Goths in the village of Sadagolthina in the city district of Parnassus and were carried off to Transdanubia.[7] This supposedly took place in 264. Raised as a Goth, he later became proficient in both Greek and Latin.[6] Ulfilas converted many among the Goths and preached an Arian Christianity, which, when they reached the western Mediterranean, set them apart from their orthodox neighbours and subjects.
Ulfilas was ordained a bishop by Eusebius of Nicomedia and returned to his people to work as a missionary. In 348, in order to escape religious persecution by a Gothic chief, probably Athanaric[8] Ulfilas obtained permission from Constantius II to migrate with his flock of converts to Moesia and settle near Nicopolis ad Istrum in modern northern Bulgaria. There, Ulfilas translated the Bible from Greek into the Gothic language and devised the Gothic alphabet.[9] Fragments of his translation have survived, notably the Codex Argenteus held since 1648 in the University Library of Uppsala in Sweden. A parchment page of this Bible was found in 1971 in the Speyer Cathedral.[10]
According to 17th century scholar Carolus Lundius,[11] Ulfilas created the Gothic alphabet based on the Getae's alphabet, with minor alterations. Carolus is quoting Bonaventura Vulcanius' book, De literis et lingua Getarum sive Gothorum, (Lyon, 1597) and Johannes Magnus, Gothus, Historia de omnibus Gothorum Sueonumque regibus, Roma, 1554, a book in which it has been published, for the first time, both the Getic alphabet, and the laws of the Getae legislator Zamolxis.[12] [13]
Historical sources
There are five primary sources for the study of Ulfilas's life. Two are by Arian authors, three by Imperial Roman Church (Nicene Christianity) authors.[14]
Arian sources
Life of Ulphilas in the Letter of Auxentius
Remaining fragments of Historia Ecclesiastica by Philostorgius
Nicene Christianity sources
Historia Ecclesiastica by Sozomen
Historia Ecclesiastica by Socrates Scholasticus
Historia Ecclesiastica by Theodoret
There are significant differences between the stories presented by the two camps. The Arian sources depict Ulfilas as an Arian from childhood. He was then consecrated as a bishop around 340 and evangelized among the Goths for seven years during the 340s.He then moved to Moesia (within the Roman Empire) under the protection of the Arian Emperor Constantius II. He later attended several councils and engaged in continuing religious debate. His death is dated from 383.
The accounts by the Imperial Church historians differ in several details, but the general picture is similar. According to them, Ulfilas was an orthodox Christian for most of his early life and converted to Arianism only around 360 because of political pressure from the pro-Arian ecclesiastical and governmental powers. The sources differ in how much they credit Ulfilas with the conversion of the Goths. Socrates Scholasticus gives Ulfilas a minor role and instead attributes the mass conversion to the Gothic chieftain Fritigern, who adopted Arianism out of gratitude for the military support of the Arian emperor. Sozomen attributes the mass conversion primarily to Ullingswick but also acknowledges the role of Fritigern.
For several reasons, modern scholars depend more heavily on the Arian accounts than the Imperial Church accounts. Auxentius was clearly the closest to Ulfilas and so presumably had access to more reliable information. The Nicene accounts differ too widely among themselves to present a unified case. Debate continues as to the best reconstruction of Ulfilas's life.
Creed of Ulfilas
The Creed of Ulfilas concludes a letter praising him written by his foster son and pupil Auxentius of Durostorum (modern Silistra) on the Danube, who became bishop of Milan. It distinguishes God the Father ("unbegotten") from God the Son ("only-begotten"), who was begotten before time and created the world, and the Holy Spirit, proceeding from the Father and the Son:
I, Ulfila, bishop and confessor, have always so believed, and in this, the one true faith, I make the journey to my Lord; I believe in one God the Father, the only unbegotten and invisible, and in his only-begotten son, our Lord and God, the designer and maker of all creation, having none other like him (so that one alone among all beings is God the Father, who is also the God of our God); and in one Holy Spirit, the illuminating and sanctifying power, as Christ said after his resurrection to his apostles: "And behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you; but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be clothed with power from on high" (Luke 24:49) and again "But ye shall receive power, when the Holy Ghost is come upon you" (Acts 1:8); being neither God (the Father) nor our God (Christ), but the minister of Christ... subject and obedient in all things to the Son; and the Son, subject and obedient in all things to God who is his Father... (whom) he ordained in the Holy Spirit through his Christ.[15]
Maximinus, a 5th-century Arian theologian, copied Auxentius's letter, among other works, into the margins of one copy of Ambrose's De Fide; there are some gaps in the surviving text.[16]
Honours
Wulfila Glacier on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Bishop Ulfilas.
See also
Attila
Gothic Bible
Gothic Christianity
Germanic Christianity
Notes and references
Van Kerckvoorde, Colette M. (June 1993). An Introduction to Middle Dutch. Walter de Gruyter. p. 105. ISBN 3-11-013535-3.
Bennett, William H. An Introduction to the Gothic Language, 1980, p. 23.
Dowley, Tim (1990). Introduction to the History of Christianity. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. pp. 187–88. ISBN 978-0-8006-3812-2.
Fried, Johannes (2015). The Middle Ages. Harvard University Press. p. 10. ISBN 9780674055629. One of their own number, Bishop Ulfilas, a Goth who originally came from a Greek-Cappadocian family, translated the Holy Gospel into the Gothic vernacular – an enormous undertaking and a work of true genius.
Berndt, Dr Guido M (2014). Arianism: Roman Heresy and Barbarian Creed. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 57. ISBN 9781409446590. Though ulfila may have spoken some Greek in his own family circle, since they were of Greek origin, he is likely to have been able to draw on formal education in both Latin and Greek in creating Gothic as a literary language.
Noel Harold Kaylor; Philip Edward Phillips (3 May 2012), A Companion to Boethius in the Middle Ages, BRILL, pp. 9–, ISBN 978-90-04-18354-4, retrieved 19 January 2013
History of the Goths. Herwig Wolfram
Mastrelli, Carlo A. Grammatica Gotica, p. 34.
Socrates of Constantinople, Church History, book 4, chapter 33. The Gothic alphabet was a modified Greek alphabet; see Wright, Joseph A Primer of the Gothic Language with Grammar, Notes, and Glossary, p. 2. The most complete Gothic texts borrow elements from the Roman alphabet; see Bennett, William H. An Introduction to the Gothic Language, p. 126.
http://www.goruma.de/Wissen/Kunstund...om_speyer.html
See Carolus Lundius, Zamolxis, Primus Getarum Legislator, Upsala 1687
Carl Lundius at Dictionary of Swedish National Biography / Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (in swedish)
See: Translation and Commentary at DACIA REVIVAL INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY / "Zamolxis—the first lawgiver of the Getae".
For an overview and evaluation of the historical sources, see Hagith Sivan, "Ulfila’s Own Conversion," Harvard Theological Review 89 (October 1996): pp. 373–86.
Heather and Matthews, Goths in the Fourth Century, p. 143.
Heather and Matthews, Goths in the Fourth Century, pp. 135-137.
Bibliography
H. C. von Gabelentz, J. Loebe, Ulfilas: Veteris et Novi Testamenti Versionis Gothicae fragmenta quae supersunt, Leipzig, Libraria Schnuphasiana, 1843.
Carla Falluomini, The Gothic Version of the Gospels and Pauline Epistles. Cultural Background, Transmission and Character, Berlino, Walter de Gruyter, 2015 (Capitolo 1: "Wulfila and his context", pp. 4-24.)
Peter J. Heather, John Matthews, The Goths in the Fourth Century, Liverpool University Press, 1991 (with the translations of selected texts: Chapter 5. The Life and Work of Ulfila, 124; 6. The Gothic Bible 145; 7. Selections from the Gothic Bible 163-185).
External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ulfilas.

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Streitberg's edition of Ulfilas' Bible
Jim Marchand's translation on Auxentius' letter on Ulfilas' career and beliefs, with Latin text
Project Wulfila
Gothic fonts after Ulfilas
Ulfilas, the Apostle of the Goths by Charles A. Anderson Scott in BTM format

Preceded byTheophilus
Bishop of Gothia sometime after 325 until his death
Succeeded bySelina
Alexander A. Vasiliev (1936). The Goths in Crimea. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 37.

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